Vitamin D Deficiency evaluation in Reproductive Medicine: Prevalence from a Retrospective Case-Control Study in a Reproductive Center

Abstract

Fernando Diaz Roesch, Lucia Chaul, Ramiro Cabrera Carranco, Ana Gabriela Sierra Brozon, Eder Gabriel Rivera Rosas, William Kondo, Ulises Armando Menocal Tavernier and Mauret Rojas Garza

Objective: To evaluate the role of vitamin D (VD) in reproductive physiology and its deficiency through a literature review. Additionally, to demonstrate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in infertile patients at a Reproduction Center in Mexico, with the aim of integrating VD evaluation into future reproduction programs.

Methods: A case-control study with a retrospective, observational, descriptive, and longitudinal analysis was conducted. One hundred medical records of Mexican female patients aged 30 to 41 years, diagnosed with infertility at the Fertility and Reproduction Center in Mexico City (PROCREA), were reviewed. The included patients had a history of 12 or more months without achieving pregnancy despite regular unprotected intercourse. Data collected included age, BMI, TSH, creatinine, and serum VD levels. VD levels were 2 classified as follows: severe deficiency (<10 ng/ml), moderate deficiency (10.1–20 ng/ml), mild deficiency (20.1–30 ng/ml), and optimal levels (30.1–60 ng/ml). Simultaneously, a bibliographic review was conducted using databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar to contextualize findings with current literature.

Results: We observed that 58% of the patients presented some degree of VD deficiency, while 42% had optimal levels. This points out a high prevalence of VD deficiency in this Mexican population.

Conclusion: VD deficiency in the Mexican population is significantly higher than reported in other countries. More than 50% of the patients exhibit a deficiency of this vitamin. We recommend serum VD determination to assess the need for supplementation and improve reproductive outcomes.