Viscoelastic or Viscoplastic Glucose Theory (VGT #143): A Neural Communication Model Between the Cerebral Cortex of the Brain and Gastrointestinal Organs Including the Stomach and Small Intestine, Plus the Liver and Pancreas via the Central Nervous System which is Proven via a Study of Postprandial Plasma Glucose Waveforms and Levels Resulting from a Total of 483 Egg Meals Versus 280 Liquid Egg Meals and 203 Solid Egg Meals by Applying 3 Energy Tools of Time Domain, Space Domain, and Frequency Domain of the GH-Method: Math- Physical Medicine (No. 735)

Abstract

Gerald C Hsu

The regulation of energy balance requires the complex integration of homeostatic and hedonic pathways, but sensory inputs from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are increasingly recognized as playing critical roles. The stomach and small intestine relay sensory information to the central nervous system (CNS) via the sensory afferent vagus nerve. This vast volume of complex sensory information is received by neurons of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and is integrated with responses to circulating factors as well as descending inputs from the brainstem, midbrain, and forebrain nuclei involved in autonomic regulation. The integrated signal is relayed to the adjacent dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), which supplies the motor output response via the efferent vagus nerve to regulate and modulate gastric motility, tone, secretion, and emptying, as well as intestinal motility and transit; the precise coordination of these responses is essential for the control of meal size, meal termination, and nutrient absorption. The interconnectivity of the NTS implies that many other CNS areas are capable of modulating vagal efferent output, emphasized by the many CNS disorders associated with dysregulated GI functions including feeding. This review will summarize the role of major CNS centers to gut-related inputs in the regulation of gastric function with specific reference to the regulation of food intake.”

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