Viscoelastic Glucose Theory (VGT 3): Similarity and Difference of Two Stress Strain Diagrams for Viscoelastic Glucose Behaviors from Continuous Glucose Monitor Sensor Measured and Perturbation Theory Produced Postprandial Plasma Glucoses with Time-Dependent Characteristics of a Synthesized Postprandial Plasma Glucose Waveform Generated from 4,115 Meals over a 3.7-Year Period from 5/8/2018 to 1/18/2022 based on GH-Method: MathPhysical Medicine (No. 580)

Abstract

Gerald C Hsu

The author has studied strength of materials and theory of elasticity through his undergraduate courses at the University of Iowa. He also conducted research work to earn a master’s degree in Biomechanics under Professor James Andrews. He remembers using the spring and dashpot models to simulate the behaviors of human joints, bones, muscles, and tendons in order to investigate the human-weapon interactions. Later, he went to MIT to pursue his PhD study under Professor Norman Jones, who taught him theory of plasticity and dynamic plastic behaviors of various structure elements. He also took additional graduate courses in the field of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics. Since then, many advancements have been made in a few application areas of biomechanics, especially tissues in the human body which possess viscoelastic characteristics, such as bones, muscles, cartilages, tendons (connect bone to muscle), ligaments (connect bone to bone), fascia, and skin. For example, the author suffered plantar fasciitis for many years. He understood that the night splint dorsiflexes forefoot, at the back of the foot, increases plantar fascia tension to offer stress-relaxation for the pain. This model of muscles and tendons connecting the lower leg and foot is a form of viscoelastic problem. However, when dealing with the human internal organs, it is not easy to conduct live experiments to obtain accurate measurements for the biomedical material properties. Although blood itself is a viscous (time-dependent) material, the viscosity factor may fall between water, honey, syrup, or gel. However, the author’s research subject is “glucose”, the carbohydrates and sugar amount in blood produced by the liver and carried by red blood cells, not the blood itself. It is nearly impossible to measure material geometry or certain engineering properties of glucose, for example, to determine the viscosity of “glucose”. Therefore, the best he could do is to apply the “concept of viscoelasticity and/or viscoplasticity” to construct an analogy model of time-dependent glucose behaviors.

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