Trends, Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Sars Cov1 and Sars Cov2

Abstract

Abnet Shewafera Mekonnen, Feti Mohammed Seyaka and Kadir Najib Abdurman

Within two decades, there have emerged three highly pathogenic and deadly human coronaviruses, namely SARS CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.On 30 january 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern, following H1N1 (2009), polio (2014), Ebola in West Africa (2014), Zika (2016) and Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2019). COVID 19 was caused by a newly identified coro- navirus, initially termed 2019 Novel Coronavirus and subsequently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreaks of these hCoVs are related to interactions between humans and animals, especially, both SARS CoV and SARS-CoV-2 emerge from wet markets in China. Considering early SARS patients were associat- ed with wild animal markets in Guangdong, SARS-CoV was considered to emerge from wild animals (included palm civets) which were sold in these markets. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses, RaTG13 and RmYN02 Similarities among SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have been investigated in the light of available data. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 evolved in bats and have positive-sense RNA genomes of 27.9 kb, 30.1 kb and 29.9 kb, respectively. Molecular and serological tools used for diagnosis of SARS and MERS patients resemble COVID-19 diagnostic tools.

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