The Regenerative Wealth Economy: From ESG to EEoM in Transforming Capitalism via Multi-Capital Reinvestment & AI Governance

Abstract

Dr. Rachel Ooi Wei Gee

The global economic landscape is undergoing a structural transformation. Extractive capitalism, characterized by short-term speculation, resource depletion, and systemic market failures, has exacerbated wealth inequality and environmental degradation. While Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks and impact investing have emerged as corrective measures, their effectiveness is undermined by greenwashing, impact-washing, misallocated capital, and short-term financial engineering. This paper introduces the Ecosystem Economics of Mutuality (EEoM), with fundamentals built on Completing Capitalism by Bruno Roche and Jay Jakub, integrating with the 5Ps Principles of Greening the Blue Ocean by Rachel Ooi as new era of Regenerative Economy, introducing and validating a multi-capital financial model that integrates financial, social, human, natural, and trust capital into investment decision-making. EEoM surpasses traditional sustainability, ESG, and impact investing frameworks, which have often been diluted or exploited. Unlike ESG, which primarily focuses on corporate risk mitigation, EEoM mandates structured reinvestment cycles to ensure that capital continuously circulates within industries and economies that is stakeholders-centric in mutuality, rather than being extracted for shareholder profits. To operationalize EEoM at scale, we propose Mangroves Mutuality (as a metaphor/concept), a structured investment vehicle designed to align institutional capital with regenerative economic principles. Unlike conventional impact funds, Mangroves Mutuality ensures that investments actively regenerate industries, supply chains, and benefiting stakeholders across communities through regenerative reinvestment, rather than simply sustaining or extracting from them. It is a platform for collective value creation for gains to be mutually distributed.

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