The nanostructured or colloidal state is the fifth aggregate state of substance

Abstract

Kireev VYu

The article shows that the basis of nanotechnology is the discovery in the early 20th century of a colloidal (ultradispersed) or nanostructured state of substance, in which the dimensions of physical and/or chemical dispersed phases distributed in the dispersion medium of a substance have dimensions less than 100 nanometers, at least in one coordinate. Since any substance, regardless of its chemical composition, can be converted to a nanostructured state, this state should be considered the fifth aggregate state of substance, along with the solid, liquid, gaseous and plasma states. The transfer of substances and / or materials to the nanostructured state can be carried out by numerous different methods, which defines a wide range of nanotechnologies. And since the nanostructured state is a new aggregate state of substance, it has unique physical and chemical properties compared to the usual solid substance.

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