The Danger Within: Covid-19 Affinity for ACE2 receptors in Adipose Tissue and Testes. The Protective Effects of Estradiol, Fitness and Weight Management

Abstract

Xanya Sofra

The imminent danger of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated research in pharmaceuticals designed to interfere with the virus’ entry into the body via ACE2 receptors, or the viral RNA replication that often overwhelms immune defences. The scope of this review was to elucidate the main human vulnerabilities like certain organs’ enrichment in ACE2 receptors increasing viral affinity to males, the aged and certain pre-existing conditions including diabetes, CVD and pulmonary diseases, that deteriorate with increasing obesity, inflammation and toxicity. The current perspective focuses on the primary components of dysregulated health predisposing individuals to Covid-19, including hormonal imbalance,increased lipids and lipoproteins, thyroid dysfunction, degraded fitness, and age-related testosterone decline accompanied by cortisol increase that provokes stress eating behaviours and weight accumulation.We examined the molecular dynamics illustrating the action of new therapeutics necessary for Covid-19 patients; theestradiol advantage hypothesis; alternative therapies including hormone replacement procedures andmesenchymal stem cells; plus preventive and protective interventions. Obesity increases the probability of Covid-19 infection due to its abundance of ACE2 receptors.Physical activitymay decrease Covid-19 vulnerability, due to the diminished ACE-2 expression in the muscle. There are a number the fat managementsolutions featuring lasers and radiofrequency which, however do not enhance fitness. Seven recently published clinical studies with a total of 95 subjects, 73 males and 22 females, demonstrated visceral fat reduction combined with increasedskeletal muscle mass. A metanalysis performed on their data revealeda statistically significant decrease in several variables including BMI, lipids, lipoproteins, toxicityand inflammation as measured by CRP, Creatinine and Bilirubin, andoptimally healthier levels ofCortisol, Testosterone, Free T3,IGF-1, Insulin, and the appetite controlling hormones Leptin and Ghrelin

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