Relationships of Parkinson’s Disease Risks and Three Glycemic Intensities of Type 2 Diabetes Using Viscoplastic Energy Model of Ghmethod: Math-Physical Medicine

Abstract

Gerald C Hsu

Diabetes is believed to affect a significant portion, approximately 81%, of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD Additionally, a range of 50% to 80% (with an average of 65%) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients may also have diabetes. In a comprehensive meta-analysis comprising seven observational cohort studies involving over 1,761,000 individuals, it was observed that individuals with diabetes had a 38% higher risk of developing PD compared to those without diabetes. This risk was even more pronounced, with a 50% increase in females and a 40% increase in males.

From a pathophysiological perspective, there exists a intricate connection between Parkinson's disease and metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes.

The American Diabetes Association classifies glucose levels as follows:

• Hyperglycemia (glucose above 180 mg/dL)
• Hypoglycemia (glucose below 70 mg/dL)
• Normal Glycemic (glucose between 70 and 180 mg/dL)

This paper delves into the author's risk probability of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) in relation to his type 2 diabetes condition. He introduces a novel concept called "glycemic intensities (GI)" as new biomarkers to study various diabetic complications. Those GI values are calculated as the product of average glucose levels and their frequency of occurrence, potentially shedding light on the impact of diabetes control and glucose management on the development of various mortality conditions, such as PD. This study assesses the author's PD risk using three T2D-GI measures: TAR-GI (TAR), TBR-GI (TBR), and TIR-GI (TIR), utilizing personal data collected from August 1, 2018, to December 2, 2023.

In summary, the author utilizes the space-domain viscoplastic energy (SD-VMT) method to explore the underlying connections and dynamics (i.e. energies) between three diabetic glycemic intensity (GI) inputs and the annual

Parkinson’s diseases (PD) risk output:

• Energy from Time Above Range (TAR): 6.0%
• Energy from Time Below Range (TBR): 2.0%
• Energy from Time in Range (TIR):92.0%

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