Relationships of cardiovascular disease risks and three glycemic intensities of type 2 diabetes using viscoplastic energy model of GH- Method: math-physical medicine

Abstract

Gerald C Hsu

Various research papers have delved into the links between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The American Heart Association (AHA) highlights a two to four times higher likelihood of heart disease-related mortality in adults with diabetes. A 2021 study found approximately 30% of US coronary artery disease patients and, as noted by BMC Public Health, 14– 46% (average of 30%) of UK stroke patients have diabetes.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) defines three glucose categories:

1. Hyperglycemia TAR (time above range for glucose above 180 mg/ dL),
2. Hypoglycemic TBR (time below range for glucose below 70 mg/ dL),
3. Normal Glycemic TIR (time in range for glucose between 70 and 180 mg/dL).

This paper explores the author’s CVD risks associated with his T2D conditions, introducing three new biomarkers, glycemic intensities (GI), calculated as the averaged glucose value of a category multiplied by its occurrence frequency. These GI values for T2D patients aim to reveal the true impact of diabetes control on the probability of developing other mortality-related diseases, including CVD.

This study specifically examines the author's CVD risks associated with three glucose inputs: TAR-GI value (TAR), TBR- GI value (TBR), and TIR-GI value (TIR), drawing insights from personal data collected between 8/1/2018 and 12/2/2023.

In summary, the author utilizes the space-domain viscoplastic energy (SD-VMT) method to explore the underlying connections and dynamics (i.e., energies) between three diabetic glycemic intensity (GI) inputs and the annual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk output:

• Energy from Time Above Range (TAR): 4.7%
• Energy from Time Below Range (TBR): 1.6%
• Energy from Time in Range (TIR): 93.7%

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