Radiative Models of the Hydrogen Atom outside Quantum Mechanics

Abstract

Musa D. Abdullahi

Nuclear and non-nuclear radiative models of the hydrogen atom are devised. The nuclear model consists of N coplanar orbits each with a particle having the electronic charge -e and a multiple nm of the electronic mass m, revolving in the nth orbit round a heavy nucleus of charge +Ne and mass N(N + 1)m/2, where n = 1, 2, 3…..N. The non-nuclear model consists of N orbits each with two particles of the same mass nm but opposite charges +e and -e, revolving in the nth orbit round a common center of mass. In the stable state a particle revolves with constant angular momentum nL, in a circle of radius nr1 at speed v1/n, where r1 is the radius, v1 the speed and L the angular momentum in the first orbit. If a particle is dislodged from the circular orbit, it revolves in an unclosed elliptic orbit, with emission of radiation at the frequency of revolution, in many cycles, before reverting into the circular orbit. The radiation frequency is nearly equal to that of revolution in the circular orbit. It is shown that the wave numbers of radiation from the non-nuclear model are in conformity with the Balmer-Rydberg formula for the lines in the emission spectra of hydrogen gas. Radiation is shown to be due a charged particle having a component of its velocity in the direction of an electric field, as in an elliptic orbit. A charged particle moving perpendicular to an electric field, as in Rutherford’s nuclear model, does not radiate and there is no need for Bohr’s quantum mechanics to stabilize the atom. The non-nuclear model is identified with the atom of hydrogen gas and the nuclear model with the liquid or solid state.

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