Prevalence, Patterns, and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in a Tertiary Mult Speciality Hospital in Western Odisha

Abstract

Sushil Kumar Kar and Asish Kumar Satapathy

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a significant concern in premature infants, with varying prevalence rates and associated risk factors. The stages of ROP range from stage 1 (demarcation line) to stage 5 (total retinal detachment). Aggressive posterior ROP is a severe variant characterized by rapid progression and high risk of blindness if not promptly treated. We assessed infants born between 27 weeks to 40 weeks of gestation having birth weights under 2500 g for ROP prevalence, patterns and risk factors. Total 600 eyes of 300 neonates were examined during the study period. Out of them 278 neonates underwent ROP screening based on inclusion criteria.

In present study, 27.7% of neonates screened had ROP were found positive for ROP. The mean gestational age (GA) of infants diagnosed with ROP had 31 weeks and 3 days. The incidence of ROP was maximum (59.74%) at 28+1 - 32 weeks. A significant association of ROP with gestational age (<34 weeks) and birth weight (<2000gm) was noted. Stage 1 and Stage 2 ROP was exhibited by 27.92% and 36.36% neonates respectively. Neonates participated in study did not show Stage 4 and Stage 5 ROP. Presence of anemia, Intraventricular hemorrhage, packed red blood cell transfusion, apnea, respiratory distress, and two or more risk factors were also major contributor of ROP.

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