Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Kedir Seid, Gebeyehu Lakew, Solomon Ketema Bogale, Eyob Getachew, Amlaku Nigusie Yirsaw, Getnet Alemu Andargie, Asnake Gashaw Belayneh, Alemshet Yirga Berhie and Eyob Ketema Bogale

Background: Hypertension is most common global cause of cardiovascular disease and death in the worldwide. Patients with target organ damage, particularly chronic kidney disease, are more common because of hypertension. Even though many primary studies have reported the prevalence of chronic renal disease. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the overall prevalence of chronic kidney disease and predictors among Ethiopian hypertensive patients.

Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was used to select potential studies. PubMed, scopes, and web of science were searched to identify relevant studies. The estimated pooled prevalence and related variables of chronic renal disease were determined using STATA 17.0.

Result: Four research totaling 1,675 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of CKD among hypertensive patients was found to be 21% (95% CI: 18–24). Age ≥ 60 years (OR = 1.73, 95%, CI: 1.02, 2.44), uncontrolled hypertension (OR = 4.64, 95%, CI: 1.83, 7.44), duration of hypertension >=10 years (OR = 6.05; 95% CI 3.40–8.70) and having co-morbid diseases (OR = 4.24; 95% CI: 1.46–7.03) were significantly associated with CKD.

Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease remains high among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia. This study found that Age ≥ 60 years, uncontrolled hypertension, duration of hypertension >=10 years and having diabetes diseases were associated with chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients. Therefore, situation-based interventions and preventive strategies should be developed.

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