Prevalence and Characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Dakar (Senegal)

Abstract

NM Dia, AG Djounfoune, VMP Cisse-Diallo, S Ba, NF Ngom-Guèye, AK Fall, K Ba-Fall, F Ly, BM Diop, M Seydi

Objectives: Determine prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients on or not on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and describe the epidemiological, clinical, evolutionary and therapeutic aspects.
Patients and Methods: This was a study carried out from 1 January 2006 to 31 May 2014 in PLHIV followed at four health care facilities dedicated to HIV patients treatment in Dakar, known to be diabetic, naïve or not to ARV treatment.
Results: Fifty-two cases of diabetes mellitus were included among 4370 HIV cases, representing a hospital prevalence of 1.2%. Average age of patients was 50.83 ± 8.72 years and sex ratio 1.26. In 28 patients (54%), diabetes was discovered accidentally, 23 patients were not reported (44%) and one patient found during complication. In 98.1%, diabetes was noninsulin-dependent. In 23 (44%), diabetes mellitus was diagnosed after HIV infection, 23 before and 6 (12%) at the same time. The mean time for diabetes mellitus diagnosis during follow-up of HIV infection was 47.83 months ± 33 months and 43.4 months ± 30.9 months after initiation of ARV therapy. At initial examination, average CD4 T cell count was 297.4 cells ± 257.9 cells / mm3 and average blood glucose at empty stomach was 1.75 ± 0.73 g/l. The number of pathologies occurring during follow-up period was 1.08 ± 0.88. Four patients died.
Conclusion: Despite low prevalence of diabetes in PLHIV in Dakar, burden of relating co-morbidity is heavy and raises two main concerns namely management of HIV infection and metabolic disorders.

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