Oral Microbial Flora in Malnourished Children: Implications for Health and Disease
Abstract
Abiodun Jacob Osatogbe, Shafiu Isah A and Adamu Aliero A
Malnutrition is a global issue affecting children's well-being, growth, and resilience. Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is the most common form, affecting pregnant women, the elderly, and young children, leading to obesity in emerging countries. Vitamin A, iron, iodine, zinc, and folate are essential for a balanced diet and healthy nutrition. One-third of sub-Saharan Africans lack these nutrients, affecting mental and physical health, vitality, and economic growth. Oral microbial populations like Streptococcus and Enterococcus also affect human health and disease development. Malnu- trition increases infection risk and mortality, with diarrhoea and respiratory illnesses being the most common causes of mortality in infants under five. A deeper understanding of the oral microbiota can help develop better management options. Severe malnutrition in children with comorbidities increases mortality risk by four times. Medical personnel must prioritise diagnosing and treating severe acute malnutrition in children, as comorbidities increase the risk of death for extremely malnourished children by four times.