Opuntia Invasion Risk and Management Strategies in China: A Comprehensive Review Under Climate Change Scenarios

Abstract

Serina L Gaye and Larwubah Kollie

Including China, the genus Opuntia—prickly pear cactus—has expanded to be a quite problematic invading species in many other nations. Considering Opuntia's environmental impact, current policies, and recommendations for next control actions, this review assesses the possible distribution and invasion risk of the plant under climate change conditions. We investigate the species' present distribution in China, the biological traits allowing its proliferation, and the environmental elements driving its expansion. Mechanical, chemical, and biological control techniques are among the management strategies under careful evaluation; integrated pest management (IPM) shows great potential. We discuss ecological difficulties, the limited effectiveness of mechanical and chemical methods, and the non-target effects of biological controls. Early identification, public awareness campaigns, and biosecurity policies combined with proactive preventative programs will help to reduce future invasions. The paper underlines the importance of ongoing research to better understand the dynamics of Opuntia invasions and the development of more rational, region-specific control techniques. Improving early-warning systems, increasing stakeholder involvement, and developing adaptive management techniques to handle the expanding threat Opuntia presents in China's ecosystems and agricultural sectors should take the front stage in future initiatives.

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