Optimization and Evaluation of an Impact-Type Cacao Bean Huller: A Design and Fabrication Approach
Abstract
Joseph G. Bravo Jr, Mylene C. Echanique, Angelica G. Laureano, Viverly B. Solaina, Jennyfer D. Rabanera and Herald Kam G. Hernando*
Purpose: This study aimed to develop an impact-type cacao bean hulling machine and evaluate its performance in terms of input capacity, hulling capacity, hulling efficiency, nib recovery, large nib recovery, purity, noise level, and power consumption.
Methods: The machine was tested at three tangential velocities in the cracking mechanism (40 m/s, 47 m/s, and 54 m/s) and three air volumes in the winnowing mechanism (41 m3/hr, 45 m3/hr, and 49 m3/hr). Data were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design-Two Factorial and comparisons among means were performed using Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR) software.
Results: The tangential speed significantly affected all parameters except purity and noise level, while air volume significantly influenced hulling efficiency, nib recovery, large nib recovery, and purity. The machine achieved the highest input and hulling capacities of 195.60 kg/hr and 156.53 kg/hr, respectively, at 47 m/s tangential velocity and 41 m3/hr air volume. The highest hulling efficiency (96.84%), nib recovery (96.98%), and large nib recovery (86.75%) were observed at 40 m/s tangential velocity and 41 m3/hr air volume. The lowest power consumption (3.99 kWh) and noise level (88.20 dB) were recorded with 40 m/s and 45 m3/hr. Cost analysis indicated financial feasibility, with a payback period of 0.24 years and an annual net income of Php 410,747.00.
Conclusion: For mass production of cacao nibs, the optimal machine setup combines 40 m/s tangential velocity and 41 m3/hr air volume, balancing high efficiency and economic viability.