Neonatal Leukemia: A Rare Hematologic Malignancy in Pediatrics: A Case Report

Abstract

Alazar Wogayehu Gebrehana, Wondwosen Mengist Dereje, Nestanet Gete Kasawudeg, Bewketu Abebe, Gebremariam Maru, Ephrem Awoke and Segenet Bizuneh Mengistu

Background: Even though Leukemia is one of the most common causes of childhood cancer its occurrence in the newborn period is very uncommon, especially when presenting with non-specific symptoms.

Case Presentation: A 10-day old female Ethiopian infant was referred from a public hospital to the Neonatal intensive care unit of Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital after they found a markedly elevated leukocyte count while working her up for early-onset neonatal sepsis as she was experiencing persistent vomiting since the first day of delivery. Physical examination was only notable for palpable spleen 3cm below the left costal margin. Further evaluation with peripheral morphology and bone marrow aspiration revealed numerous blast cells and a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Conclusion: Neonatal leukemia, a rare disease in newborns, may present with unusual symptoms. It should be considered among the differential diagnoses when accompanied by abnormalities in blood counts and other suggestive features.

PDF