Navigating Dual Linguistic Landscapes: A Review of Mother Language and Second Language Acquisition Theories

Abstract

ABRAHAM Cynthia Nene

This review article explores the intricate relationship between mother language (L1) and second language (L2) acquisition, fo- cusing on the theoretical frameworks that have shaped our understanding of this complex process. We delve into the historical evolution of L1-L2 research, examining key theoretical perspectives such as transfer, interference, facilitation, and the critical period hypothesis. Additionally, we explore the sociolinguistic and cultural factors that influence L1-L2 interactions, including the impact of bilingualism on cognitive development and the role of language policy and education. Furthermore, we discuss indi- vidual differences and learning strategies that shape L1-L2 acquisition, highlighting the importance of aptitude, motivation, and self-directed learning. By synthesizing these theoretical frameworks, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on L1-L2 acquisition and offer insights for future directions in this field.

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