Importance Of Normalization Factors Through Post-Meal Glucose Versus Three Special PPG Waveform Patterns, Grand Canyon, Himalaya, And Twin Peaks, U0sing Viscoplastic Energy Model Of GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (No.1020, Viscoelastic Medicine Theory #418)

Abstract

Gerald C. Hsu

This paper explores the relationship between daily postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) and the three special waveform patterns of PPG.

Utilizing a CGM sensor, the author gathered 199,968 glucose data points over a period of 2,083 days (from 5/1/2018 to 1/14/2024) with approximately 96 data collections per day, at 15-minute intervals. A total of 6,249 PPG waveforms of meals were generated, consisting of 399 Himalaya meals (6%), 1,415 Grand Canyon meals (23%), and 908 Twin Peaks meals (15%) out of the total 2,722 meals (44%) analyzed. The remaining 3,527 meals (56%) were excluded from this analysis due to the complexity of combining effect from carb/sugar and walking steps, which resulted in many other waveforms.

Pattern one, "Himalaya", is characterized by a continuous plateau resulting from excessive energy intake from over-consumed meals or additional snacks/fruits, compounded by insufficient energy diffusion due to inactivity after eating.

Pattern two, "Grand Canyon", features a high peak (crest) followed by rapid decay to a low valley (trough), with the lower level sustained. This pattern is mainly associated with sufficient post-meal walking to disperse energy.

Pattern three, "Twin Peak", involves an initial peak similar to the Grand Canyon, followed by second or third peaks resulting from excessive lingering energy infusion from overeating carbs/sugar combined with inadequate energy diffusion resulting from interrupted post-meal exercise.

Additionally, the author employed the space-domain viscoplastic medicine theory's energy model (SD- VMT) to investigate the relationships between his daily averaged PPG and the aforementioned three PPG waveform patterns using two sets of different normalization factors. The first analysis utilized 120 mg/dL as the normalization factor, while the second analysis utilized the respective percentage of the three PPG waveform patterns over the total meals (6%, 23%, 15%).

PDF