Immunomodulatory Effects of Bio-Clean II Herbal Remedy on C-reactive protein, Corticosterone and Antiphospholipid antibodies in Rats exposed to Purified Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

Seyi Samson Enitan, Isaiah Nnanna Ibeh, Ayodele Ademola Adelakun, Richard Yomi Akele, Ayodeji Olusola Olayanju, Joy Nkechi Ashimole, Mirian Chiamaka Uchegbu, Chisara Sylvestina Okolo

Background: Bio-Clean II has been previously shown to fight viral infection, boost immunity, and possesses anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the serum level of inflammatory cytokines, as well as T-Helper 4 and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes in rats exposed to purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of Bio-Clean II on the C-reactive protein (CRP), corticosterone (CORT) and anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPLs) levels in rats exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using animal model.

Materials and Methods: A total of 36 male Wistar rats weighing 150g±50g (mean±SD) were purchased and randomly assigned to six (6) groups of 6 rats each. Group 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 were induced with a single dose of 5mg/Kg of purified LPS® (E.coli 0127:B8, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA), administered through intraperitoneal route using 1ml sterile needle and syringe, except for group 4 which served as the zero control (given water and food only throughout the experiment). Group 1 served as the inflammation control. Group 2 which served as the positive control received 50 mg diclofenac/kg [bid] and 500 mg ciprofloxacin/kg [bid] (positive control) in place of the Bio-Clean. Group 3 which served as the negative control received sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS). While rats in group 5 and group 6 were treated orally with the herbal remedy “Bio-Clean II” for 7 days and 14 days, respectively. After which, the rats were killed and a cardiac blood specimen was taken from each rat and transferred to plain bottles to clot. Serum was obtained from the clotted blood by centrifugation. The serum levels of C-reactive protein, corticosterone and antiphospholipid antibodies were assayed using ELISA kits, supplied by Elabscience Biotechnology Inc, USA. Data generated were subjected to Statistical Package for Social Scientists-Version 20 (SPSS-20).

Results: The outcome of this results show that the serum level of C-reactive protein of the 7 days (1.05±0.06ng/ml) and 14 days (0.93±0.05ng/ml) Bio-Clean II treated rats was found to be significantly lower (p=0.002 and p=0.000, respectively) when compared to the inflammation control group (1.70±0.07ng/ml). Similarly, the serum level of anti-phospholipid antibodies of the 7 days (6.40±0.67 Uml) and 14 days (4.27±0.66 U/ml) Bio-Clean II treated rats was found to be significantly lower (p=0.02 and p=0.008, respectively) when compared to the inflammation control group (16.47±1.53 Uml). Meanwhile, the corticosterone level of the 7 days Bio-clean treated rats (9.40±1.30ng/mL) was found to be non-significantly lower (p=0.812) in comparison to the inflammation control (13.50±2.50ng/mL); while that of the 14 days Bio-clean II treated rats (6.80±1.00ng/mL) was significantly lower (p=0.026).

Conclusion: The outcome of this study underscores the anti-inflammatory potential of Bio-Clean II in the treatment of bacterial inflammatory diseases.

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