Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Its Impact On Immune Response In Covid-19 Patients : A Review

Abstract

Yeshimebet Kassa*, Alemu Gedefie, Mihret Tilahun, Abdurrahman Ali, Endris Ebrahim

The new corona virus SARS-CoV-2 infection and the COVID-19 pandemic have turned into an inexorable global public health and economic disaster. The gut microbiota is a diverse bacteria population that live in the human intestines. The gut microbiota plays important roles in the modulation of host metabolism and gene expression, epi- thelial integrity maintenance, and inflammatory and immune mediation. As a result, the normal gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining health and preventing disease.

The gut-lung axis is bidirectional, which implies that metabolites created from gut bacteria have an effect on the lung via blood, whereas lung inflammation alters gut microbiota levels. Lung dysfunction is caused by changes in the immunological responses of neutrophils, T cells, TLRs, and inflammatory cytokines such IL-1, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-, and TNF-, which all play a role in the severity of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infects the lungs, triggering an immunological response in the gastrointestinal system and causing epithelial cell disruption in the lungs.

A growing body of evidence has recently emerged linking in gut microbiota dysbiosis to SARS-COV-2 infection. Hence, the modification of gut microbiota could be a possible therapeutic approach. Fecal microbiota transplanta- tion (FMT) may improve the conditions of patients with SARS-COV-2 infection by manipulating the human intestinal bacteria. However, there is a scarcity of relevant research, and a significant amount of scientific study effort must be completed in the near future. In conclusion: Alterations of the intestinal flora play an important role in promoting the severity of COVID-19. Therefore, Careful attention to patients’ intestinal microecology should provide a sound basis for the treatment for COVID-19.

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