Cytological Screening of Conjunctiva Changes among Sudanese Patients Attending Ophthalmic Clinics

Abstract

Sajda yagoup, Amel.A.Ahmed and Abdallah Hasb Alnabi

Introduction: The conjunctiva eye cytology is a part of the diagnostic eye cytology provides a tool of a diagnosis of many ocular diseases and conditions with using of a suitable tool of collection of sample. This kind of cytological procedures doing as screening for population, or specify the disease under study also for comparison of accuracy and usefulness of the different types of tools use in collection of samples.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to screen the conjunctival eye cytology in the population under study ,and to describe the cellular pattern in different eye condition to find out the different factors affect cellular components of the conjunctiva and subsequently the eye health status, and to evaluate the usefulness of the conjunctiva eye cytology as an important diagnostic procedures in the diagnosis of different eye condition.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional hospital base study, done in university of Khartoum, faculty of medical laboratory sciences in department of histopathology and cytology ,to screen conjunctiva cytological changes of ophthalmic clinic patients using swabbing and scrapping cytology for different ocular diseases in period from January 2014 to May 2014.Conjunctiva swabbing and scrapping smears were collected from Abd Alfadeel centre for medicine and eye surgery, Noor Alauoon military eye hospital, Alneelin university eye hospital (collage of optometry) and Maka charity foundation for eye medicine (Ridhy division) ophthalmology clinic. Ninety two 92 patients participated in this study, 56 were females and 36 were males, conjunctiva smears were fixed by 95% alcohol and air then stained by Pap , Giemsa and hematoxylin stains for cytological evaluation.

Results: (89.4%) of cytological finding among adequate samples shown matching with the clinical ocular diagnosis. Scrapping method had the best role in getting adequate samples ( 90%), with marked increase of adequacy of sample obtained from elder age patients (34.2% from 41- 60 year, 31.5% from 61-80year) and in cases of infection (48.7%). Bacteria was the major cause of infections (86.2%).

Conclusion: Conjunctiva cytology is an impressive tool to get information about ocular tissue health status, and can be a useful complementary diagnostic method ,get its role in epidemiological surveys of endemic ocular diseases such as trachoma in our population and for better understand of diseases spreading manner

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