Current Advances in the Treatment of Androgenic Hair Loss

Abstract

Mohammed S Al Abadie, Hussain Tukmatchy, Nazik Abed, Sami Al Abadie and Bessam Farjo

Male androgenic alopecia (MAA), the most common cause of progressive hair loss in men, affects up to 50% of men by age 50. Characterized by the miniaturization and loss of hair follicles, MAA results from a combination of genetic and hormonal factors. Conventional treatments, including topical minoxidil and oral finasteride, have demonstrated effectiveness in slowing hair loss but are associated with side effects, such as scalp irritation and sexual dysfunction. This review highlights emerging treatments for MAA, including oral agents like dutasteride, which has shown superior hair regrowth compared to finasteride but with similar side effects. Oral minoxidil has also demonstrated efficacy in promoting hair growth, though large-scale trials are needed to confirm its safety. Topical treatments, including finasteride sprays, clascoterone, and cetirizine, offer alternative options with fewer systemic effects. Additionally, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), microneedling, and hair transplants are explored as non-pharmacological interventions. Novel therapies, such as KX-826, a topical androgen receptor antagonist, and monoclonal antibodies like HM-115, show promise in ongoing clinical trials. However, further research is needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of these emerging treatments in managing MAA.

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