Compartmentalization of Mitochondrial Processes

Abstract

Dremza I K, Maksimovich N Ye, Elizaveta I Bon and Kokhan N V

Compartmentalization is the division of eukaryotic cells into compartments (compartments), covered with a membrane of lipid bilayer, in which certain biochemical processes are localized. Most organelles in a eukaryotic cell are compartments - mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cell nucleus and Golgi apparatus. Within a number of compartments (including mitochondria), there are also subcompartments that differ in form and function. Inside compartments surrounded by a lipid bilayer, different pH values can exist and different enzymatic systems can function. The principle of compartmentalization allows a cell to perform different metabolic processes simultaneously. The mitochondrial matrix is a compartment bounded by the inner mitochondrial membrane. The word "matrix" comes from the fact that this environment is much more viscous compared to the more watery cytoplasm.