Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Fecal Poultry and Bovine Housed in Tunisian Farms; Phylogroup Diversity and Detection of Tetracycline and Sulfonamides Resistant Genes With Integron Class1

Abstract

Hajer Kilani, Mohamed Salah Abbassi, Rim Dhifalli, Bouraoui Jihene, Riadh Mansouri, Noureddine Ben Chehida and Ilhem Boutiba-Benboubaker

Little detailed documentation researched the excessive use of antimicrobials such as tetracycline and sulfonamides in vet- erinary medicine in Tunisia and more studies are needed. A total of 58 of commensal Escherichia coli isolates recovered from fecal samples of healthy poultry (n=31) and bovin (n=27) recovered from farms in Tunisia were examinated for 20 antimicrobial as well as, researched the presence of integron, variable regions (VRs), phylogroupes, tetracycline (tetA, tetB et tetC) and sulfonamides(sul1, sul2, sul3) resistance genes. The most frequently resistance in poultry origin were to tetracycline (94.3%), sulfonamide (70.69%), nalidixic acid (61.29), amoxicillin (58%), to trimthetoprim-sulfamethoxazole and streptomy- cin with the same rate (64.51%), ticarcilline (58%). Whereas, the bovine isolates were most resistant to streptomycin (55.5%), to amoxicillin (18.5), to tetracycline (37%), and have a moderate same rates to kanamycine, to trimthetoprim-sulfamethoxaz- ole 11.11, to nalidixic acid and to sulfonamide 7.4%, For poultry and bovine class 1 integron were detected in 20, 6 isolates, respectively as well as class 2 integron were found in 2 and 1 isolates, respectively. Class 1 integrons were significantly asso- ciated with poultry origin (p=0.001). For poultry sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes were detected in 14 (46.2 %), 7 (23.8 %), and 4 (8.9 %) resistant isolates, respectively. Whereas, for bovine 5 isolates were resistant to sulfonamide and sul1 and sul2 genes were detected in 4 and 1 isolates with absence of sul3 genes. and tetracycline genes tetA, tetB genes were observed in 27 (84.37 %) and 8 (25%) resistant isolates, respectively while, TetC was not detected amongst our isolates. Seven arrangement gene cassette were detected; dfrA1-satA1-aadA1 in one identical DNA fragments with approximate size of 2000 bp and six arrangements of resistance gene cassettes of class 1 integron were detected; dfrA1+aadA1 (5isolates); for dfrA17+aadA1, dfrA12+ orfF+aadA2 each one two 2isolates; one isolate for aadA1 and dfrA5, respectively. In poultry, 16 isolates were found to belong to phylogroup A (sub- groupA1: 12, sub- groupA0: 4); 9 to B1, 1 to B2 and 5 to phylogroup D. However, in bovine 9 isolates have the phylogroups A1, 7 isolates B1, 4 isolates B2, and 3 isolates found to phylogroup D. Our results showed that the prevalence of resistance in E. coli isolates from poultry was much higher than that in bovin.

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