Chimeric Antigen Receptor (car) Therapy: A Precision Medicine Approach to Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Farah A. Alwaeely and Zahra'a Abdul AL-Aziz Yousif

The therapeutic landscape for autoimmune illnesses has been completely transformed by the novel immune cell therapy that known as (chimeric antigen receptor) T cell (CAR-T) therapy. Many patients do not respond to the current medications, despite significant advancements in the therapeutic management of autoimmune illnesses. Autoreactive B cells have a significant role in the development of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmune illnesses are difficult to treat with rituximab and other B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies, because autoreactive B cells persist in inflammatory tissues and lymphatic systems. Adoptive transplantation of T cell that have genetically altered to target the tumor cells by using chimeric antigen receptors, is one possible treatment option for B-cell malignancies. Autologous CAR T cell therapy targeting the CD19 antigen has been incorporated into the management of autoimmune illnesses throughout the past two years. Circulating B cells were rapidly and steadily reduced by CD19 CAR T cells. This study looks at the new techniques for targeting autoreactive B cells with CAR T cells, which could result in focused treatment for autoimmune diseases. Notable response including improved the clinical symptoms, lowered autoantibody levels in serum, and prolonged reductions in progression of the disease. In vitro and preclinical studies using animal as well as human clinical samples support the important efficacy of CAR-T cells and offer additional information on special mechanisms of action against rheumatoid arthritis and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.

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