Caffeine Is a Stimulant

Abstract

Rehan Haider

Caffeine is a stimulant compound belonging to the xanthine chemical category that is found in coffee, tea, and cocoa or chocolate (lower diploma), and is protected in many light fluids, as well as in large amounts of energy fluids. Caffeine is a methyl xanthine-type drug used for various purposes, including high-quality breathing in premature babies, pain relief, and combating sleepiness. Caffeine is similar to theophylline and theobromine. Caffeine is used in various cosmetic products and can be administered topically, orally, by inhalation, or by injection. The FDA first approved caffeine citrate injection for apnea of prematurity in 1999.

According to a 2017 article, more than 15 million babies worldwide are born prematurely. This corresponds to approximately one to ten births. Early initiation can lead to apnea and pulmonary bronchial dysplasia, a condition that impairs lung development and ultimately causes bronchial allergies or early-onset emphysema in premature infants. Caffeine citrate injections are used to treat apnea of prematurity owing to their effectiveness, safety, and low cost. Caffeine citrate injections are also used to treat postoperative apnea as well as other conditions such as severe hypoxemia, congenital heart defects, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and respiratory distress syndrome. Caffeine citrate injections are also used to treat persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns and seizures due to post-anoxia encephalopathy. Caffeine citrate injections are well tolerated in newborns and infants with few side effects. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal upset, palpitations, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, restlessness, irritability, and insomnia. In addition, caffeine citrate injections can cause adverse effects such as hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia.

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