Biology of Vectors and Agent of Skin Disease and River Blindness (Onchocerciasis) In the World

Abstract

Hassan Vatandoost

Objectives: Blackflies are the aquatic insects. A total of 1800 species of this insect have been identified worldwide. The main important species is Simulium damnosum. They suck the blood of other animals and human. They spread several diseases, including river blindness (Onchocerciasis)) in Africa and America. The agent of disease is Onchocerca volvulus. The aim of this review article is to explain the bio ecology, medically importance, different control measures for agent and vector of disease and status of resistant to drug and insecticides in the agent and vector.

Methods: In this research all, the relevant information regarding the topic of research is research through the internet and used in this paper. An intensive search of scientific literature was done in “PubMed”, “Web of Knowledge”, “Scopus”, “Google Scholar”, “SID”, etc.

Results: The results indicated that this insect play an important role in disease worldwide. Ivermectine (Mectizan®) drug is an important for killing the agent of disease. Several larvicides recommended by WHO for vector control. Due to high use of drug and pesticide for control of disease , the resistant to drug and pesticide have been reported worldwide.

Conclusion: Monitoring and mapping of drug and insecticide resistance is a major factor for disease control worldwide.

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