At what distance from us and when starts the Hubble expansion?

Abstract

Hans J. Fahr

In this article we shall ask what may cause the uniformly distributed, cosmic matter to form singular local mass concentra- tions in a universe that has started, and according to the general belief never ended till now to expand since the event of the Big-Bang. Though the so-called Big-Bang till now is a physically rather nebulous cosmic event, all modern cosmology is centered around it and founded upon it. Our investigations here do show that in fact some forms of a cosmic Hubble expan- sion do allow for gravitationally driven local matter contractions - even though the universe as a whole is expanding to ever and ever larger space volumes. For a universe undergoing an unaccelerated, "coasting" Hubble expansion we can show that the forces connected with the centrifugal Hubble drifts are overcompensated by the centripetal forces of cosmic matter inside critical local space volumes and thus do form mass concentrations up to Mega-solar masses as soon as the coasting phase of the expansion has started. To the contrast, in an universe with an accelerated Hubble expansion which is nowadays favoured by many astrophysicists structure formation is, however, stopped soon after the accelerated expansion has started. That may serve as a criterion what form of the Hubble expansion in fact predominates in this actual universe.

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