Assessment of Diabetes Risk Among the Fifth- And Sixth-Years Medical Students in Thamar University, Yemen, A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Mohammed Haider Hazaa Al-Dolae, Adel M. Al-Najjar , Mohammed Kassim Salah and Ali Ahmed Al-Zaazaai

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health problem with a rising prevalence, leading to significant health and economic burdens. Lifestyle and environmental factors influence prediabetes and DM prevalence. Among the Middle East and North Africa regions, the prevalence of DM is particularly high. Early identification and management of DM are crucial to prevent complications. Lifestyle modification interventions have shown promising results in preventing T2DM. However, research on diabetes risk and lifestyle intervention among medical students is limited.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the 10-year risk of developing T2DM using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) among fifth and sixth-year medical students in Faculty of Medicine, Thamar University, Yemen.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 176 fifth and sixth-year medical students in Thamar University. A structured questionnaire based on the FINDRISC tool was used to collect data on risk factors, including age, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, blood pressure medication, fasting blood sugar level, and family history of diabetes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and student t-tests were used for analysis.

Results: Among the students, 22.7% had slightly elevated risk, 2.3% had moderate risk, and 0.6% had a high risk of developing diabetes based on FINDRISC scores. Overweight and obesity prevalence were 29%, and 14.77% had central obesity. Only 39.8% reported daily fruit or vegetable consumption. Regular physical activity was reported by 84.1%. Family history of diabetes was prevalent, with 55.7% reporting a first or second-degree relative with diabetes. Lower BMI, waist circumference, regular physical activity, no blood pressure medication, normal fasting blood sugar levels, and negative family history were associated with lower diabetes risk scores.

Conclusions: This study highlights the need for preventive measures and lifestyle interventions among medical students to reduce diabetes risk factors. Healthcare providers can play a vital role in promoting healthy behaviors and preventing type 2 diabetes among medical students, who serve as role models and future healthcare professionals. Implementing effective preventive strategies can contribute to reducing the burden of diabetes and improving population health outcomes.

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