A Summarized Report on Relationships of Six Disease Risks and Four Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes, Including Insulin Resistance Via Fpg, Glycemic Control Via Hba1c and Eag, and Hyperglycemia Intensity Using Viscoplastic Energy Model of Ghmethod: Math-Physical Medicine

Abstract

Gerald C Hsu

According to the CDC, nearly 1 in 5 cancer patients also has diabetes, adding to the challenges of managing both conditions, especially in dietary choices. A 2021 study found that around 30% of US coronary artery disease patients and BMC Public Health reports that 14–46% of stroke patients in the UK have diabetes. Over 40% of people with diabetes are estimated to develop chronic kidney disease (CKD), and up to 81% of those with Alzheimer's are believed to have type 2 diabetes. PubMed notes that 50% to 80% of Parkinson's disease patients may also have diabetes, while diabetic neuropathy affects up to 50% of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

The author, drawing from personal data collected between 5/1/2018 and 11/20/2023, summarized research findings from his six previously written papers regarding cancers, cardiovascular diseases & strokes (CVD), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and diabetic neuropathy (DN).

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by four biomarkers: insulin resistance (FPG), daily glycemic control (eAG), quarterly glycemic control (HbA1c), and hyperglycemia control (HyGI). Both HbA1c and eAG lack representation of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia damage. Here, HyGI is calculated as averaged glucose above 180 mg/dL multiplied by occurrence frequency of hyperglycemia incidents.

In summary, traditional statistical analysis reveals strong correlations (above 85%) for three T2D biomarkers with six disease risks, except HyGI (ranging between 41% and 94%). Cancer shows lower correlations (14% to 41%), reflecting the hidden and distinct characteristics of cancer risk waveform versus other 5 disease waveforms. Averaged correlations between 6 disease risks and 4 T2D biomarkers are:

• - 6 diseases vs. HbA1c: 77%
• - 6 diseases vs. FPG: 77%
• - 6 diseases vs. eAG: 77%
• - 6 diseases vs. HyGI: 70%

The author also employs the spacedomain viscoplastic medicine energy (SD-VMT) method to reveal hidden relationships and dynamics (i.e. energies) between 4 T2D biomarkers and 6 annual disease risks. Four averaged energy contribution margin on 6 disease risks from 4 T2D biomarkers were identified:

• - Energy from HbA1c: 24%
• - Energy from FPG: 28%
• - Energy from eAG: 24%
• - Energy from HyGI: 26%

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