A Study of the Postprandial Plasma Glucose Waves and Fluctuations of 63 Fasting and 43 Non-Fasting Meals at Breakfast Using Time and Frequency Domains Plus Wave Along with Energy Theories of GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 405)

Abstract

Gerald C Hsu

This particular study investigates a few postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) characteristics, including glucose waves and wave fluctuations or glycemic variability (GV) of 106 breakfasts from 11/5/2020 to 2/22/2021, which include 63 fasting and 43 non-fasting meals. At first, the author utilizes wave theory to study PPG waves in time domain. He then applies signal processing techniques and Fast Fourier Transform program to convert these PPG waves into frequency domain. He can then estimate the relative energy levels associated with different glucoses of both fasting and non-fasting situations to understand the degree of organ impact related to these energies generated from or carried by glucoses in the blood system. In summary, from the time domain analysis, the non-fasting’s average PPG value is 15 mg/dL, which is 14% higher than the fasting’s average PPG; and the non-fasting’s peak PPG value is 21 mg/dL, which is 19% higher than the fasting’s peak PPG value. Even the PPG wave fluctuations (Max.-Min.) of the non-fasting is 12 mg/dL, which is 60% higher than the fasting. It is interesting to observe that the fasting glucose wave still has fluctuations even though it is much “calmer”. On the other hand, from the frequency domain analysis, there are two observations described below: 1. Relative energy associated with PPG wave reveals that non-fasting is 43% lower than fasting. This observation is counter to the author’s intuitive feeling; however, this phenomenon is due to the higher amplitude (Y-value) result of the frequency domain after the Fourier Transform operation from the time domain. In other words, this characteristic of glucose energy corresponding to different frequencies in frequency domain is different from the characteristic of glucose corresponding to various times in time domain. 2. The relative energy associated with PPG wave fluctuations reflects that non-fasting is 17% higher than fasting which is due to the difference of 12 mg/dL, which is 60% of PPG fluctuation (Max - Min) in time domain. Besides, the Fourier Transform operation did not change the PPG fluctuation’s characteristics in its frequency domain.

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