Visceral surgery is a specialized branch of general surgery. It focuses on the disorders and deformities of the viscera – and mammary glands – that can be treated through surgical intervention. The visceral surgeon often works closely with the gastroenterologist. The term abdominal surgery broadly covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen (laparotomy). Surgery of each abdominal organ is dealt with separately in connection with the description of that organ (see stomach, kidney, liver, etc.) Diseases affecting the abdominal cavity are dealt with generally under their own names (e.g. appendicitis).