Chemical toxicology is a subspecialty of toxicology that focuses on the structure of chemical agents and how it affects their mechanism of action on living organisms. It is a multidisciplinary field that includes computational and synthetic chemistry, in addition to people who specialize in the fields of proteomics, metabolomics, drug discovery, drug metabolism, bioinformatics, analytical chemistry, biological chemistry and molecular epidemiology. It relies on technological advances to help understand the chemical components of toxicology more comprehensively. Toxicology and pharmacology are both studies that involve an understanding of chemical properties and their actions on the body, but differ considerably in other areas. Pharmacology primarily focuses on the therapeutic effects of pharmaceutical substances and how they can be used most effectively for medical purpose. On the contrary, toxicology is more closely related to the adverse effects that can occur in living organisms that come into contact with chemicals. Toxicologists are also more concerned with measuring the risk of certain substances with risk assessment tools.