The textile industry being one of the oldest industries in the world demonstrated the art of know-how at a time textile science was not in existence and the rules of engineering design were not established, and technology was only what a human hand can do. It was all about human's creativity and the know-how. This was all acceptable in the era before powered machines were invented. After the development of powered machine, it was important to bridge science, engineering, and technology to assure reliable functionality at high production rates. That is when the textile industry needed a great deal of science to move forward with new designs and better technology. The role of science in the development of the textile industry is demonstrated in the brief overview presented in the succeeding text.Scientific research in the textile field had markedly begun in the early years of the 20th century [2–6]. The focus of the early studies was on understanding the chemical composition and the physical structures of fibers. For example, William Lawrence “W.L.” Balls (1882–1960), a British botanist who was educated at Norwich School and at St John's College, Cambridge, was one of the first scientists to study the development and properties of raw cotton [3]. His book titled The Development and Properties of Raw Cotton published in 1915 was the reference on cotton at that time. The content of this book was driven by a significant research that Balls conducted on the Egyptian cotton. Recall that the first idea leading to the development of man-made fiber was proposed in the 17th century by Robert Hooke. This idea was not materialized into commercial man-made fiber until the early 20th century when Courtaulds Ltd