Cryopreservation and culture tissue after cryopreservation. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is of interest to women who want to preserve their reproductive function beyond the natural limit, or whose reproductive potential is threatened by cancer therapy,[11] for example in hematologic malignancies or breast cancer.[12]

 

For in vitro culture of follicles, there are various techniques to optimize the growth of follicles, including the use of defined media, growth factors and three-dimensional extracellular matrix support.[13] Molecular methods and immunoassay can evaluate stage of maturation and guide adequate differentiation.[13] Animal studies have generally showed correct imprinted DNA methylation establishment in oocytes resulting from follicle culture.

Granulosa cells or follicular cells are cells that surround the oocyte within the follicle; their numbers increase directly in response to heightened levels of circulating gonadotropins or decrease in response to testosterone. They also produce peptides involved in ovarian hormone synthesis regulation. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) induces granulosa cells to express luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors on their surfaces; when circulating LH binds to these receptors, proliferation stops.

Primordial follicles are indiscernible to the naked eye. However, these eventually develop into primary, secondary and tertiary vesicular follicles. Tertiary vesicular follicles (also called "mature vesicular follicles" or "ripe vesicular follicles") are sometimes called Graafian follicles (after Regnier de Graaf).In humans, oocytes are established in the ovary before birth and may lie dormant awaiting initiation for up to 50 years.After rupturing, the follicle is turned into a corpus luteum.

Last Updated on: Jul 05, 2024