Political organizations, like political parties, interest groups, social movements, non-profit and civil society organizations. While these particular sorts of organizations share fundamental communalities and challenges, like the necessity to interact citizens and aggregate their demands, also because the objective to shape public policy and popular opinion , either directly or indirectly, they're often studied separately. Political organizations are those engaged in political activities (e.g., lobbying, community organizing, campaign advertising, etc.) aimed toward achieving clearly-defined political goals, which usually benefit the interests of their members. This disappearance of politics from parliament has led many to characterise the present situation of parliamentary politics as ‘post-political’. Whatever truth there could be during this , it's important to recollect that politics isn't just what happens in parliament. We conceptualize political organizations as self-governing, membership-based, voluntary organizations. In the context of the workshop, members are understood to be individual members, who can express their affiliation through various means.