Phonological disorder. Phonological disorder is a type of speech sound disorder. Speech sound disorders are the inability to correctly form the sounds of words. Speech sound disorders also include articulation disorder, disfluency, and voice disordersThe cause of phonological disorder in children is often unknown. Close relatives may have had speech and language problems. ... Phonological disorders may also be caused by: Problems or changes in the structure or shape of the muscles and bones that are used to make speech sounds.Typically, speech therapy for phonological disorders involves practicing sounds. Your child may have trouble pronouncing sounds made in the front of the mouth. So the speech therapist will show your child how to position the tongue and move the mouth to produce the correct soundPhonological awareness is a broad skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language – parts such as words, syllables, and onsets and rimes. ... Phonemic awareness refers to the specific ability to focus on and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.Phonological processes are patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to talk. They do this because they don't have the ability to coordinate the lips, tongue, teeth, palate and jaw for clear speech.