Microcirculation plays important roles in normal physiology and in a multitude of pathological conditions. Microvascular leukocyte endothelial interactions and specific changes in blood flow are a hallmark of the innate immune response in inflammation. However, it requires sophisticated methods to study the microcirculation experimentally and it is challenging to obtain relevant data in humans. This Special Issue will review classical and modern microcirculatory methodology and present novel experimental and clinical results regarding changes within the microvasculature during local and systemic inflammatory processes. The understanding of those mechanisms will open new avenues for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. icrovessels are small fluid conduits that transport blood or lymph within tissues. These structures are important for controlling of several vital tissue functions such as absorption of nutrients, nourishment of cells, elimination of cell waste products, transport of gases, control of blood pressure, communication with distant organs and tissues, and host defense. As a component of the host defense mechanism, inflammation is largely dependent on the microcirculation. Both lymphatic and blood vessels play an important role in an inflammatory response. While lymphatic microvessels differ in...