Cytogenetics is actually a branch of genetics but is additionally a neighborhood of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that's concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behavior, particularly to their behavior during mitosis and meiosis. Techniques used include karyotyping, analysis of G-banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, also as molecular cytogenetics like fluorescent in place hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Using cells in culture: Pre-treating cells during a hypotonic solution, which swells them and spreads the chromosomes, Arresting mitosis in metaphase by an answer of colchicines, Squashing the preparation on the slide forcing the chromosomes into one plane and Cutting up a photomicrograph and arranging the result into an indisputable karyogram.