Nephrolithiasis: The procedure of forming a kidney stone, a stone in the kidney (or lower down in the urinary tract). Kidney stones are a common reason of blood in the urine and pain inside the stomach, flank, or groin. Kidney stones arise in 1 in 10 people at some time of their life.The development of the stones is usually associated with extended excretion of stone-forming components together with calcium, oxalate, urate or cystine.The pain with kidney stones is usually of unexpected onset, very intense and colicky (intermittent), no longer stepped forward through adjustments in function, radiating from the lower back, down the flank, and into the groin. Nausea and vomiting are commonplace.treatment consists of alleviation of pain, hydration and, if there's concurrent urinary contamination, antibiotics.the general public of stones bypass spontaneously inside 48 hours. If a symptomatic stone does no longer pass, a method by using a urologist may be needed."Nephrolithiasis" is derived from the Greek nephros- (kidney) lithos (stone) = kidney stone. The stones themselves are also referred to as renal caluli. The phrase "calculus" (plural: calculi) is the Latin word for pebble.Kidney stones are small loads of salts and minerals that form within the kidneys and might travel down the urinary tract. Kidney stones variety in length from just a speck to as big as a ping pong ball. signs and symptoms and symptoms of kidney stones include blood in the urine, and ache in the stomach, groin, or flank. about five% of human beings broaden a kidney stone of their lifetime.The kidneys regulate stages of fluid, minerals, salts, and different materials in the body. when the stability of those compounds changes, kidney stones may additionally form.