Neonatology is a branch of pediatrics that majorly deals with the medical conditions of the newborn. The branch is mostly a hospital-based study and is practiced in the neonatal intensive care units. The study mostly involves the preterm and the ill born. The physicians involved in this type of study are known as neonatologists and the patients are referred to as neonates. The different conditions studied under this section involve preterm birth, congenital anomalies, intrauterine infections, etc. Scholarly peer review is the process of subjecting an author's scholarly work, research, or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field, before a paper describing this work is published in a journal. The work may be accepted, considered acceptable with revisions, or rejected. Peer review requires a community of experts in a given (narrowly defined) field, who are qualified and able to perform reasonably impartial review.

Journal of Neonatal Biology is a Quarterly, Open Access, peer-reviewed, academic journal that aims to publish the most complete and reliable source of information on discoveries and current developments as original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc. in all areas of the Neonatology and Perinatal medicine and provides free online access to the researchers worldwide.

The journal is using Editorial Tracking System for online manuscript submission, review, and tracking systems. Editorial board members of the Journal of Neonatal Biology or outside experts review manuscripts; at least two independent reviewer’s approval followed by the editor is required for the acceptance of any citable manuscript.