Nanotechnology has various applications in dentistry, including dentition renaturalization, therapy for dentin hypersensitivity, complete orthodontic realignment in a single visit, covalently bonding deaminized enamel, enhancing properties of root canal sealers, and continuous oral health maintenance using mechanical. Nanotechnology is emerging as an interdisciplinary field that is undergoing rapid development and has brought about enormous changes in medicine and dentistry. Nanomaterial-based design is able to mimic some of the mechanical and structural properties of native tissue and can promote biointegration. Nanotechnology has various applications in dentistry, including dentition renaturalization, therapy for dentin hypersensitivity, complete orthodontic realignment in a single visit, covalently bonding diamondized enamel, enhancing properties of root canal sealers, and continuous oral health maintenance using mechanical dentifrobots. A range of synthetic nanoparticles such as hydroxyapatite, bioglass, titanium, zirconia, and silver nanoparticles are proposed for dental restoration. This review focuses on the developments in the field of nanomaterials in dentistry in the form of tissue regeneration materials, implantable devices, nanocomposites, endodontic sealers, etc, and issues of patient safety. The prefix nano emanated from the Greek word nanos, which means dwarf, and is used to describe materials whose molecular size lies in the range of 0 to 100 nanometers. One nanometer (nm) is one-billionth or 10-9 of a meter. Japanese scientist Dr. Nori Taniguchi in 1974 coined the term nanotechnology and defined it as “the processing of separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule.”1 The possibility of molecular engineering was first described by Nobel laureate physicist Richard Feynman in 1959 at the American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology in a lecture titled There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom. In 1987, one-time student of Feynman K. Eric Drexler, published a book titled Engines of Creation-The Coming Era of Nanotechnology. In 1991 Sumio Iijima described carbon nanotubes in an article titled Helical Microtubules of Graphitic Carbon The prefix nano emanated from the Greek word nanos, which means dwarf, and is used to describe materials whose molecular size lies in the range of 0 to 100 nanometers. One nanometer (nm) is one-billionth or 10-9 of a meter. Japanese scientist Dr. Nori Taniguchi in 1974 coined the term nanotechnology and defined it as “the processing of separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule.”1 The possibility of molecular engineering was first described by Nobel laureate physicist Richard Feynman in 1959 at the American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology in a lecture titled There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom. In 1987, one-time student of Feynman K. Eric Drexler, published a book titled Engines of Creation-The Coming Era of Nanotechnology. In 1991 Sumio Iijima described carbon nanotubes in an article titled Helical Microtubules of Carbon. Nanomaterials are materials whose component size ranges from 0 to 100 nm in at least one dimension. These materials may be present in the form of a cluster of atoms, grains, fibres, or films, or as nanoholes. Nanomaterials possess improved properties as compared to the parent material. The change is basically of two types: due to increase in the surface area; and quantum effects. As the material size approaches the nanoscale dimensions, a greater number of these nanoscale materials can be incorporated with the resultant increase in surface area. Quantum effects refer to the optical, electric, and magnetic properties that are altered when the material approaches the smaller end of the nanoscale