Nanostructure is associate degree object that has a minimum of one dimension up to or smaller than a hundred nanometers. there's a large kind of nanostructures, like nanoparticles, nanopores, nanorods, nanowires, nanoribbons, nanotubes, and nanoscaffolds. the foremost promising options of those structures ar their size-dependent properties. for instance, gilded nanoparticles exhibit tunable radiation and absorption wavelength counting on their ratio and coating . These distinctive properties ar attributed to the development known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LPSR). every particle will effectively manufacture photoluminescence appreciate 1,000,000 dye molecules. to boot, they're photostable and don't suffer from photobleaching . thanks to their superior optical properties, they will manufacture higher signal over standard dye molecules. once coating with probe molecules, the optical properties of nanostructures enable the detection of specific target molecules.