Nanoporous materials have potential applicability to get robust, miniaturized, and portable devices. Structural and morphological properties of those materials are often reliably characterized using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), electron crystallography, emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), and transmission microscopy (TEM). The oxidation number , coordination, and optical properties are often studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear resonance (NMR), etc. For elemental analysis of nanoporous materials, energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are generally adopted, and the surface area and pore size are evaluated by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm.The structure, pore size and hence the porosity, specific area , water insolubility, density, pH environment, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, charge distribution, conductivity, and catalytic activity of nanoporous materials might be tailored using different fabrication techniques like precipitation, solid-state reaction (usually performed at high temperature), sol-gel, hydrothermal, and solvothermal routes.