Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are rod-like nanofibrils that remain after acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers. CNCs from wood/plant materials, typically have a spindle-like particle morphology (~3–20 nm wide and 500 nm in length; visually perceive approximately 100% cellulose, high crystallinity, and have surface accessible hydroxyl groups that can be chemically modified to give supplemental functionalities. Cellulose nanocrystals are rod-like nanofibrils that remain after acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers. CNCs from wood/plant materials, typically have a spindle-like particle morphology 20 nm wide and 50 500 nm in length approximately 100% cellulose, high crystallinity, and have surface accessible hydroxyl groups that can be chemically modified to give adscititious functionalities. Cao and coworkers investigated the influence of on the performance of a Type V cement paste. By integrating ameliorations in several properties in the cement composites were optically canvassed the DOH was incremented, quantified by TGA and isothermal calorimeter, was incremented with loading flexural vigor was incremented by up to in comparison with cement paste without, with an optimum loading for a mundane commixing condition found to be  and the cement composite withal exhibited ameliorated rheological properties and zeta potential. withal shows that the vigor decreases as a function of CNC loading, which is likely due to agglomeration at higher loading. Cao and coworkers proposed two mechanisms responsible for the abovementioned enhancements: steric stabilization and short circuit diffusion. A more detailed explication can be found in Section.