An protein (Ab), conjointly called associate gamma globulin (Ig), may be a giant, Y-shaped supermolecule created principally by plasma cells that's utilized by the system to neutralize pathogens like unhealthful bacterium and viruses. The protein acknowledges a novel molecule of the infectious agent, known as associate substance, via the fragment antigen-binding (Fab) variable region. every tip of the "Y" of associate protein contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that's specific for one explicit epitope (analogous to a key) on associate substance, permitting these 2 structures to bind along with exactness. exploitation this binding mechanism, associate protein will tag a germ or associate infected cell for attack by alternative components of the system, or will neutralize its target directly (for example, by inhibiting a region of a germ that's essential for its invasion and survival). looking on the substance, the binding might impede the organic process inflicting the sickness or might activate macrophages to destroy the foreign substance. the flexibility of associate protein to speak with the opposite parts of the system is mediate via its Fc region (located at the bottom of the "Y"), that contains a preserved glycosylation website concerned in these interactions the assembly of antibodies is that the main operate of the body substance system.

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