Bioprocess is a technology that deals with the design and development of equipment and processes for the manufacturing of products such as agriculture, food, feed, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, chemicals, and polymers and paper from biological materials & treatment of waste water. Bioprocessing, in its broadest sense, is the conversion of raw materials into products using biological processes. ... "Bioprocessing is generally distinguished from farming or agriculture in that it usually refers to methods that include the use of isolated cells or enzymes in an artificial environment," explains Wood. The upstream processing is the bioprocessing phase in which cell lines are generated, i.e. biomass is produced at appreciable scale. The downstream processing, on the other hand, is the phase that deals with extraction or separation of desired products from the biomass (developed in upstream processing). The main difference between bioreactor and fermentor is that the bioreactor is the vessel that facilitates various types of biochemical reactions whereas the fermentor is the vessel that facilitates fermentation. Therefore, fermentor is a type of bioreactor. What is a bioreactor. An apparatus for growing organisms (yeast, bacteria, or animal cells) under controlled conditions. Used in industrial processes to produce pharmaceuticals, vaccines, or antibodies. Also used to convert raw materials into useful byproducts such as in the bioconversion of corn into ethanol. Bioreactors consist of a of buried trench with woodchips through which the tile water flows before entering a surface water body. Microorganisms from the soil colonize the woodchips. These microorganisms "eat" the carbon from the woodchips and "breathe" the nitrate from the water.

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