Fertilization refers to the union of an egg and sperm. It usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube. The result of fertilization is the synthesis of a zygote or fertilized egg, which is the initial stage of prenatal development. The common sequence begins with ejaculation at the time of copulation, which follows ovulation, and completes with fertilization. Many exceptions to this routine are possible these days that include assisted reproductive technologies like artificial insemination and In vitro fertilization, external ejaculation without copulation, or copulation soon after ovulation. When sperm encounters secondary oocyte, the acrosome synthesizes enzymes which permit it to penetrate through the jelly coat present outside the egg. Then sperm plasma fuses with the egg's plasma membrane, the sperm head is disconnected from flagellum and the egg reaches the uterus down the Fallopian tube.

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