Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) can replace the lungs gas exchange capacity until recovery or may be used as bridge-to-transplant in terminal lung failure. However, limited hemocompatibility associated with possible subsequent plasma leakage and loss of gas transfer capacity due to unspecific protein adsorption on the gas exchange membranesas well as inflammatory processes initiated by the foreign materials surface limit its use for long-term application. Also, the limitations delineated above constrained the development of a fully implantable lung assist device. PrimeOA Publications International is one of the leading Open Access Publishers which is publishing 700+ peer-reviewed journals with the support of 50,000+ editorial board members as editorial team and aimed to disseminate the scholarly knowledge to the scientific society.